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MOVEMENTS & MIGRATIONS: Variously reported as resident, sedentary18,38, and migratory7,9. Movements, some of which are migratory, some possibly juv dispersal, not well understood2,6. Status in Zimbabwe not clear; resident in some eastern forests, but seasonal in many other habitats27. Resident in mesic woodland on plateau27. Some resident in forest at Haroni-Rusitu confluence, but population augmented by winter immigrants51. Breeding migrant Nov-Feb in well developed dry woodland in Kariba area and west along Zambezi R valley, Zimbabwe2,27. Residents move freely between riverine woodland and sparser, drier woodland at Dande Communal Lands in middle Zambezi R valley25. In Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, KwaZulu- Natal, resident in forest, but also moves into woodland habitats in dry season32 suggesting local nomadism or short-range movements out of the forest at this time. Reportedly resident in s Mozambique39, but this population probably augmented in winter by immigrants from further south8. Both nocturnal and diurnal movements recorded, some in atypical habitats1,6,38,42,45,49; these do not confirm regular migration38.
HABITAT: Evergreen lowland and Afromontane forest, forest/woodland mosaics, closed woodland and riverine forest in savanna38. Ads and dispersing juvs recorded in much drier Acacia woodland, also in well developed Mopane Colophospermum mopane and Zambezi Teak Baikiaea plurijuga woodlands27, sparse Combretum/Brachystegia/ Colophospermum woodland25 and dry woodland in Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, KwaZulu-Natal32. In Lebombo-ironwood Androstachys johnsonii woodland in w s Mozambique39. Also in gardens in well-wooded suburbs, particularly those adjacent to forest patches38. Regular in alien Eucalyptus and wattle (Acacia spp) plantations15,31.
Author:WRJ Dean & MA du Plessis
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